北极耐冷石油降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其碳源利用广谱性

从北极不同海底沉积物样品中富集、分离得到50株能以石油作为唯一碳源和能源的北极耐冷石油降解菌株,命名为BJ1、BJ2…BJ50,用红外分光光度法测定培养基中剩余油含量,选出降解率较高的菌株BJ1、BJ9和BJ19;通过形态学观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析,将BJ1、BJ9和BJ19鉴定为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas,P.);以常见石油产品和石油中典型直链烷烃和芳香烃为唯一碳源培养的结果表明,该三株菌能在低温下利用多种碳源。研究结果表明,BJ1、BJ9和BJ19均为海洋耐冷石油降解菌,且对碳源的利用具有广谱性。     

环渤海区域典型河流下游水体中抗生素赋存状况及风险评估

利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了环渤海区域典型河流下游水体中6类58种抗生素的赋存特征,采用生态风险模型和人类健康风险模型分别评估了抗生素对生态和人体的健康风险.结果显示:环渤海区域4大典型河流(小凌河、滦河、黄河和大辽河)下游水体中有6类50种抗生素被检出,青霉素G浓度水平最高,最高浓度为353.13ng/L.β-...     

我国典型土壤上重金属污染对番茄根伸长的抑制毒性效应

采用盆栽试验观测了我国3种典型土壤——黄泥土、褐土、红壤上不同重金属(铜、锌、铅)作用下敏感植物番茄的根伸长,其中黄泥土和褐土上重金属添加量范围为Cu(0～2000mg·kg-1)、Zn(0～4000mg·kg-1)和Pb(0～5000mg·kg-1),红壤上为Cu(0～400mg·kg-1)、Zn(0～750mg·kg-1)和Pb(0～2000mg·kg-1).对不同土壤上Cu、Zn、Pb对番茄的根伸长抑制率进行了比较,以阐明不同土壤上重金属种类及用量对蔬菜根生长的抑制及毒性效应.结果表明,相同Cu、Zn、Pb污染水平(添加量)下,土壤中重金属对番茄的根伸长抑制率大小顺序基本表现为:红壤>黄泥土>褐土.番茄对红壤中的重金属最敏感,其次是黄泥土,再次是褐土.番茄对不同重金属的毒性响应不同,对Cu最敏感,Zn和Pb次之.土壤中有效态重金属含量与番茄根伸长呈显著(p<0.05)或极显著(p<0.01)负相关,表明有效态重金属含量是影响蔬菜根伸长的重要因素.     

UV-vis光照下唑类抗菌药氟康唑的光化学反应类型

以唑类抗菌药氟康唑为模型化合物,考察了其在纯水中的光降解动力学和光化学反应类型,发现模拟日光(λ>290nm)照射下氟康唑未发生光解,在UV-vis(λ>200 nm)光照下,氟康唑发生了光降解并服从准一级反应动力学.采用活性氧物种猝灭实验和竞争动力学方法,研究发现氟康唑发生了直接光解和·OH参与的自敏化光解,氟康唑与.OH的反应速率常数为(5.95±0.58)×109L·(mol·s)-1,表层水体中相应的半减期为(32.41±3.16)h·通过鉴定光解产物,得知氟康唑发生了脱氟、光致水解、光氧化等光化学反应.     

淮北市煤炭开采与生态系统服务耦合度研究

为研究煤炭资源型城市煤炭开采与生态系统服务的耦合协调发展态势,以我国高潜水位煤炭资源型城市——淮北市为研究对象,在分析煤炭开采与生态系统服务耦合作用机理的基础上,采用基于灰色关联分析的关联度模型和耦合度模型,揭示了1990-2016年该地区煤炭开采与生态系统服务耦合度的时序变化规律.结果表明:①淮北市煤炭开采与生态系统服务两个系统指标间的关联度均在0.447 5~0.553 4之间,其中,煤炭开采对生态系统服务的胁迫作用主要是水资源破坏,而生态系统服务对煤炭开采的约束作用主要来自调节服务.②淮北市煤炭开采与生态系统服务耦合度表现为1990-1999年逐渐降低、2000-2008年不断升高、2009年之后又呈下降趋势,反映了该地区煤炭开采与生态系统之间的矛盾趋于缓和,出现了统筹协调发展的大好形势.研究显示,1990-2016年淮北市煤炭开采与生态系统服务总体上呈中等耦合态势,耦合度时序变化总体上呈"倒N"型变化特征,今后需继续推进资源型城市转型建设,加大生态治理力度,以保持统筹协调发展态势.      

Building on IUCN Regional Red Lists to Produce Lists of Species of Conservation Priority: a Model with Irish Bees

Abstract:  A World Conservation Union (IUCN) regional red list is an objective assessment of regional extinction risk and is not the same as a list of conservation priority species. Recent research reveals the widespread, but incorrect, assumption that IUCN Red List categories represent a hierarchical list of priorities for conservation action. We developed a simple eight-step priority-setting process and applied it to the conservation of bees in Ireland. Our model is based on the national red list but also considers the global significance of the national population; the conservation status at global, continental, and regional levels; key biological, economic, and societal factors; and is compatible with existing conservation agreements and legislation. Throughout Ireland, almost one-third of the bee fauna is threatened (30 of 100 species), but our methodology resulted in a reduced list of only 17 priority species. We did not use the priority species list to broadly categorize species to the conservation action required; instead, we indicated the individual action required for all threatened, near-threatened, and data-deficient species on the national red list based on the IUCN's conservation-actions template file. Priority species lists will strongly influence prioritization of conservation actions at national levels, but action should not be exclusive to listed species. In addition, all species on this list will not necessarily require immediate action. Our method is transparent, reproducible, and readily applicable to other taxa and regions.     

亚南极潮间带生物体中PAHs组成特征及源解析

该研究在中国第27次南极科考(27th CHINARE)度夏期间(2009.11-2010.01)在长城湾潮间带采集了11种常见生物样品,通过GC-MS检测了生物体内的16种常见多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的含量,根据检测数据分析亚南极地区海域潮间带生物群落中的PAHs在潮间带生物群落中的含量状况,初步探讨该地区PAHs的潜在来源。ΣPAHs为136.97~649.31(ng/g干重,下同),萘、菲、蒽、芴等低环芳烃所有生物样品均检出包括萘、菲、蒽、芴等常见低环芳烃,苯并芘(a)、茚苯(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)芘少数样品苯并芘(a)、茚苯(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)芘未检出,ΣPAHs为136.97~649.31(ng/g干重,下同),低环芳烃占57.45%~86.27%,Phe和Nap是最主要的2种PAHs。采用比值法分析该地区PAHs组成可知该地区PAHs主要来自柴油燃烧和柴油泄漏。对不同生物体内的16种多环芳烃组成比例进行比较,可以发现长城湾潮间带生物群落具有相似的PAHs组成比例。     

发光细菌法评价排污口污水中总有机污染物毒性

利用发光细菌发光原理,建立以明亮发光杆菌(photobacterium phosphoreum)T3变种作为毒性测试物种检测环境中总有机污染物毒性的方法,并用该方法评价环渤海排污口总有机物毒性分布状况。测试结果显示,建立的相关方程及相关性显著性检验P0.01,HgCl2 EC50值基本在0.10±0.02 mg/L范围内波动,指标符合方法规定要求,即发光菌监测排污口中总有机污染物毒性测试结果是准确可信的。用发光细菌法评价环渤海20个排污口,其中剧毒占10%,高毒占25%,重毒占5%,中毒占10%,低毒占50%。发光细菌法能客观、快速、准确地反映废水中总有机污染物毒性状况,该方法在水质监测总有机物毒性中有着广泛的应用前景。     

关于军用装备质量控制过程中的几点体会

本文主要简述了某军用装备型号设备在质量控制过程中注意的几个重要方面，并对具体管理工，作中的要求展开了讨论。     

Use of Stress‐Hormone Levels and Habitat Selection to Assess Functional Connectivity of a Landscape for an Amphibian

Abstract: The influence of landscape matrix on functional connectivity has been clearly established. Now methods to assess the effects of different land uses on species’ movements are needed because current methods are often biased. The use of physiological parameters as indicators of the level of resistance to animal movement associated with different land uses (i.e., matrix resistance) could provide estimates of energetic costs and risks to animals migrating through the matrix. To assess whether corticosterone levels indicate matrix resistance, we conducted experiments on substrate choice and measured levels of corticosterone before and after exposure of toads (Bufo bufo) to 3 common substrates (ploughed soil, meadow, and forest litter). We expected matrix resistance and hormone levels to increase from forest litter (habitat of the toad) to meadows to ploughed soil. Adult toads had higher corticosterone levels on ploughed soil than on forest litter or meadow substrates. Hormone levels did not differ between forest litter and meadow. Toads avoided moving onto ploughed soil. Corticosterone levels in juvenile toads were not related to substrate type; however, hormone levels decreased as humidity increased. Juveniles, unlike adults, did not avoid moving over ploughed soil. The difference in responses between adult and juvenile toads may have been due to differences in experimental design (for juveniles, entire body used to measure corticosterone concentration; for adults, saliva alone); differences in the scale of sensory perception of the substrate (juveniles are much smaller than adults); or differences in cognitive processes between adult and juvenile toads. Adults probably had experience with different substrate types, whereas juveniles first emerging from the water probably did not. As a consequence, arable lands could act as ecological traps for juvenile toads.